I. The Mystery of Atomic Recombination: The Metallurgical Essence of Welding When two metals reach a molten state under the influence of the welding heat cycle, their surface oxide films are instantly shattered, allowing pure metal atoms to diffuse into each other within 10^-3 seconds. This metallurgical bonding process produces…

1. The Alchemy of Light: The Physical Code of Laser Cutting When a beam of photons oscillates and amplifies in phase and wavelength within a resonant cavity, a laser with miraculous cutting power is born. This phenomenon of stimulated emission of radiation (LAR) can generate energy densities up to a…